China yasvika paMars

ByJoey RouletteUpdatedChivabvu 14, 2021, 8:50pm EDT

China yakamisa marobhoti ayo maviri ekutanga pamusoro peMars neChishanu, vezvenhau vane hukama nehurumendezvakasimbiswapasocial media, ikava nyika yechipiri kuita izvi zvinobudirira mushure mekukunda kutevedzana kwekumhara kwemaminetsi manomwe.Chipenga chenyika cheTianwen-1 chakaburitsa rover-lander bundle kuti ibate Martian kuma 7PM ET, zvichitanga basa rekudzidza mamiriro ekunze eRed Planet uye geology.

Mishoni inocherekedza rwendo rwekutanga rwakazvimiririra rweChina kuenda kuMars, makiromita mazana maviri kubva kuPasi.NASA chete ndiyo yakabudirira kumhara nekushandisa rovers papasi munguva yakapfuura.(Chipenga cheSoviet Union cheMars 3 chakamhara panyika muna 1971 ndokutaurirana kweanenge masekonzi makumi maviri kusati kwasviba zvisingatarisirwi.) Basa reChina, rinobatanidza zvitundumuseremusere zvitatu zviri kushanda pamwe chete, rakaoma kuoma kune munhu wekutanga — mission yekutanga yeUS, Viking 1. muna 1976, yaingosanganisira muridzi wemba akaiswa kubva pakuferefeta kwayo.

Kumhara kwakaitika paUtopia Planitia, nzvimbo yakati sandara yeMartian land uye dunhu rimwe chete iro NASA Viking 2 lander yakawira pasi muna 1976. Mushure mekunge abata pasi, muridzi wemba anoburitsa rampu oshandisa Zhurong rover yekuChina, ine mavhiri matanhatu solar- robhoti rine simba rakatumidzwa zita ramwari wemoto mungano dzekare dzekuChina.Iyo rover inotakura sutu yezviridzwa zvepaboard, kusanganisira makamera maviri, Mars-Rover Subsurface Exploration Radar, Mars Magnetic Field Detector, uye Mars Meteorology Monitor.

Chitundumuseremusere cheTianwen-1 chakaparurwa kubva paWenchang Spacecraft Launch Site mudunhu reChina reHainan musi wa23 Chikunguru gore rakapera, chichitanga rwendo rwemwedzi minomwe kuenda kuRed Planet.Zvitatu zvezvitundumuseremusere "zvakashanda zvakajairwa" kubva zvakapinda Mars orbit muna Kukadzi, China National Space Administration (CNSA) yakadaro mukutaura neChishanu mangwanani.Yakaunganidza "chitsama chikuru" chedata resainzi ndokutora mafoto eMars ichiri munzira yayo.

Mufananidzo naWang Zhao / AFP kuburikidza neGetty Images

Tianwen-1 orbiter, yakabata rover-lander bundle, yanga ichitsvaga nzvimbo yekumhara yeUtopia Planitia kwemwedzi inopfuura mitatu, ichibhururuka pedyo neMars maawa makumi mana nemapfumbamwe ega ega mu elliptical orbit (yakaita sezai orbital pattern), sekureva.Andrew Jones, mutori wenhau anorondedzera zviri kuitika kuChina muchadenga.

Iye zvino pamusoro peMartian, Zhurong rover ichatanga basa reinenge mwedzi mitatu yekudzidza mamiriro ekunze uye geology yeMars.

"Basa guru reTianwen-1 kuita ongororo yepasirese uye yakakura yepasi rese uchishandisa orbiter, uye kutumira rover kunzvimbo dzepamusoro dzesainzi kuti dziite ongororo dzakadzama nehungwaru uye nechisarudzo," masayendisiti epamusoro emishoni iyi.akanyora mukatiNature Astronomygore rapera.Iyo ingangoita 240kg rover inokwana zvakapetwa kaviri kuwanda kweYutu Moon rover yekuChina.

Tianwen-1 izita rebasa rose reMars, rakatumidzwa zita redetembo refu "Tianwen," zvinoreva kuti "Mibvunzo inoenda Kudenga."Iyo inoratidza ichangoburwa mukukurumidza kutevedzana kwekufambira mberi mukuongorora muchadenga kuChina.Nyika yakava nyika yekutanga munhoroondo kuitakumhara uye kushandisa roverkudivi riri kure reMwedzi muna 2019. Yakapedzawo apfupi yemwedzi wemuenzaniso mishonimuna Zvita gore rapfuura, kuburitsa robhoti kuMwedzi uye nekukasira kuidzosera kuPasi nekacheji yeMwedzi matombo kuti aongororwe.

 Mufananidzo neSTR / AFP kuburikidza neGetty Images

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, China yakatanga yekutanga core module yeyakarongwa nzvimbo chiteshi, Tianhe, iyo inoshanda senzvimbo yekugara yemapoka evazivi venyeredzi.Rocket yakaburitsa module iyoyo yakaburitsainternational freakoutpamusoro pePasi painogona kupinda zvakare.(Pakupedzisiraakapindazvepamusoro peIndian Ocean, uye zvidimbu zvihombe zveroketi zvakadonha makiromita makumi matatu kubva pachitsuwa chiri muMaldives, hurumende yeChina yakati.)

Zvisinei nerwendo urwu rwekuda kuenda kuMars nemarobhoti matatu matatu, kutarisa kweChina kunoratidzika kunge kwakamisikidzwa paMwedzi - nzvimbo imwe chete yekukurumidza yeNASA chirongwa cheArtemis.Kutanga kwegore rino, Chinazvirongwa zvakaziviswakuvaka chiteshi chemuchadenga uye chigadziko pamusoro peMwedzi neRussia, mudiwa weNASA wenguva refu paInternational Space Station.